The Great (European) Powers and the creation of the Middle East, 1914-1948

What is the course about?

This course is about the creation of the Middle East, from the Great War and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire to the creation of Israel in 1948. In order to understand how different states emerged and the consequences of that process, we will have to analyse the interests and actions of various actors, beginning with Britain and France, the two powers who divided up the region among themselves at the end of the First World War. The local elites, who sought to emancipate themselves from the tutelage of London and Paris, must also be taken into account. Finally, the irruption of the United States and the Soviet Union in the region will have to be considered.

What will we cover?

The issues covered will include, among others:

The Ottoman Empire in the Great War
The British and French projects to divide the Ottoman Empire
The peace treaties and the system of the mandates
Conflicting identities across the region
The French in Syria and Lebanon
The British in Palestine
The British protectorate of Transjordan
From Mandatory Iraq to the Kingdom of Iraq
The Arabian peninsula
The economic transformation of the region
Rising tensions in Palestine
The Second World War in the Middle East and its impact
The weakening of Britain across the region
The Palestinian question after the Second World War.

What will I achieve?
By the end of this course you should be able to...

Analyse the ambitions of Britain and France in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire
Analyse the reasons for the Balfour Declaration and its impact
Explain the system of the mandates
Discuss constructively the reasons for and the consequences of the Great Syrian Revolt
Analyse the positions of the local elites vis-à-vis Britain in Iraq and Transjordan
Assess the impact of the Second World War on the region
Discuss constructively the positions and ambitions of the different actors involved in Palestine after the Second World War.

What level is the course and do I need any particular skills?

Some background knowledge about European history would be useful but is not essential.
A good standard of English is required.
An open mind and a willingness to engage, respectfully in class discussion and debate.

How will I be taught, and will there be any work outside the class?

Students will have access to documents (book chapters, articles, videos) to prepare each class. These will be available on the website for the course.

Are there any other costs? Is there anything I need to bring?

No.

When I've finished, what course can I do next?

Other courses in European history. Please see the City Lit website.